Eye Tracking on The International Space Station > 자유게시판

• 목록
• 답변
• 글쓰기
• 게시판 리스트 옵션
  • 수정
  • 삭제

The eye-tracking device (ETD) is a headmounted gadget, designed for measurement of 3D eye and iTagPro support head movements underneath experimental and pure circumstances. The tracker permits comprehensive measurement of eye movement (three levels of freedom) and optionally head motion (six degrees of freedom). It represents a instrument for the investigation of sensorimotor behaviour, significantly of the vestibular and oculomotor programs in each well being and disease. It was originally developed by the German Space Agency (DLR) for use on the International Space Station (ISS) and was uploaded to the station as part of the joint European / Russian house programme in early 2004. The machine was designed by Prof. Dr. Andrew H. Clarke (Vestibular Lab, Charité Berlin) together with the businesses Chronos Vision and Mtronix in Berlin and integrated for area utilisation by the Munich-based company Kayser-Threde. In the primary set of experiments, carried out by Prof. Clarke’s team in cooperation with the Moscow Institute for Biomedical Problems, iTagPro USA the eye Tracking Device was used for the measurement of Listing's airplane - a coordinate framework, which is used to outline the movement of the eyes in the pinnacle.

The scientific aim was to find out how Listing’s plane is altered underneath various gravity situations. Particularly the affect of long-duration microgravity on board the ISS and of the next return to Earth’s gravity was examined. The findings contribute to our understanding of neural plasticity in the vestibular and oculomotor iTagPro support techniques. These experiments were commenced in the spring 2004 and continued until late 2008 with a collection of cosmonauts and ItagPro astronauts, who each spent six months on board the ISS. Examination of the orientation of Listing's aircraft during the course of a chronic space mission is of particular curiosity, as on Earth the Listing’s aircraft seems to be dependent on input from the vestibular system i.e. detected through the pinnacle place with relation to gravity. By exposing the astronaut to the weightlessness of area, iTagPro support this experiment can observe the following adaptation of the astronaut’s vestibular system during the flight and after returning to Earth.

The key question on this experiment is to what extent the orientation of Listing’s plane is altered by the adaptation of the vestibular system to weightlessness, or underneath gravitational levels less than or larger than these of Earth. A further query is whether or not the physique compensates for the missing inputs from the vestibular system by substituting different mechanisms throughout long-time period spaceflight. The ETD was employed for this research all through the interval from 2004 to 2008. During each six-month increment the experimental process was carried out at common three-week intervals in order that the adaptation to microgravity could possibly be evaluated. In addition equal measurements had been made over the initial weeks after the return to Earth of each cosmonaut or ItagPro astronaut. Within the meantime the ETD gear remains on the ISS as a basic goal instrument. It's presently in use by a gaggle of Russian scientists from the Institute for Biomedical Problems, who are analyzing eye and head movement coordination in microgravity.

Digital eye-monitoring cameras - designed around state-of-the-artwork CMOS image sensors - are interfaced to a devoted processor board within the host Pc via bi-directional, excessive velocity digital transmission links (400 Mbit/s). This PCI plug-in board carries the front-finish processing architecture, consisting of digital sign processors (DSP) and programmable logic devices (FPGA) for binocular, on-line picture and sign acquisition. For iTagPro support the attention tracking process, a substantial knowledge reduction is performed by the sensor and the front-end processing. Thus, only preselected knowledge are transferred from the picture sensor by way of to the host Pc the place the ultimate algorithms and data storage are carried out. This eliminates the bottleneck caused by commonplace frame-by-body picture acquisition, and thus facilitates significantly larger image sampling rates. This processing structure is integrated into a ruggedised, IBM compatible Pc, which permits visualisation of the eyes and iTagPro product the corresponding indicators. An vital design function is the digital storage of all image sequences from the cameras as digital recordsdata on exchangeable exhausting disk. After completion of every ISS mission, the arduous disk containing the recordings is returned to Earth. This ensures comprehensive and reliable image processing evaluation within the investigators’ lab and minimises the time required for the experiment on the ISS. In parallel to the area-qualified model of the attention Tracker a commercially out there mannequin has been manufactured by the company Chronos Vision in Berlin and is put in in lots of laboratories in Europe, North America and Asia, the place it represents an essential tool for the examination of quite a few neurophysiological phenomena. Using high frame rate CMOS sensors for three-dimensional eye tracking. Clarke, A.H.; Steineke, C.; Emanuel, H. "High image fee eye motion measurement" (PDF).

Geofencing is a technology quietly reshaping the marketing and track lost luggage consumer engagement landscape. It establishes digital boundaries around physical spaces, linking your device to businesses and providers effortlessly. Whenever you step across these boundaries, you obtain well timed messages - discounts, event reminders or exclusive offers - all customized to your location. While this tech advantages specific sectors, it raises main privacy concerns because it includes monitoring your location, iTagPro support which may result in questions about knowledge privateness and consent. Geofencing is a digital technology that establishes virtual boundaries around a particular geographical area. It's like drawing an invisible fence on a map around a spot, equivalent to a espresso store, a park or a complete neighborhood. This expertise monitors units like smartphones - which depend on GPS, iTagPro support WiFi or cellular knowledge - as they enter or exit these defined areas. It additionally tracks radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags (compact devices that transmit knowledge wirelessly like contactless car keys) as they transfer throughout these virtual boundaries.