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Cognitive distortions significantly impact trading performance, often leading even seasoned traders to make impulsive decisions. A widely observed bias is confirmation bias, آرش وداد where traders seek out information that supports their existing beliefs while disregarding data that refutes them. This often leads to refusing to exit losing positions too long or overlooking opportunities because the trader is not open to new evidence.

Another powerful influence is loss aversion, which captures how the pain of losing is weighted more heavily than the joy of profits. This can induce traders to close profitable positions prematurely while delaying stop-losses, hoping the market will turn around. In the long run, this behavior diminishes overall returns and exposes risk exposure.

False certainty is also common among traders, in the wake of a string of profitable trades. Assuming they control a special skill, they may ignore risk limits, over-trade, or ignore risk management rules. This often leads to devastating reversals when the market changes course.

Price fixation is another bias where traders cling to a particular level, such as the original cost or a previous high, and make decisions based on that mental marker rather than current market conditions. This can block their ability to adjust new information and result in failed exits or missed opportunities.

Social contagion is highly destructive in volatile markets. Traders may follow the crowd into hot securities without verifying fundamentals, simply because the crowd is moving. This can result in buying at peaks and panicking out, the exact opposite of sound investing.

Reactive trading, driven by anxiety or desire, is the most damaging of all. Fear can cause paralysis during market downturns, while greed can trigger reckless bets. These feelings disrupt disciplined strategies and erode long-term success.

Recognizing these biases is the essential starting point toward breaking free from their grip. Documenting trades to track choices and the reasoning behind them helps spot recurring errors of irrational behavior. Setting strict rules for entry, exit, and position sizing removes the majority of emotional decision making. Periodically auditing trades with an neutral perspective, and even seeking feedback from peers, can also reduce the influence of psychological biases.

In the end, successful trading is as much about mastering psychology as it is about studying price action or fundamentals. Traders who understand and actively counteract their cognitive distortions are vastly better positioned to attain sustainable results through market cycles.